The rural-urban fringe in the Netherlands: recent developments and future challenges
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https://doi.org/10.7480/spool.2014.1.624Abstract
In recent decades, most rural-urban fringes in the Netherlands have seen substantial urbanisation. Urban expansions at the rural-urban fringe have formed complex hybrid landscapes consisting of residential areas, commercial zones, agricultural land, recreational and nature areas. In certain regions, urbanisation is rather compact and concentric, whereas others show dispersed and polycentric morphological patterns. Based on quantitative and qualitative spatial research, this article analyses recent urban developments and urbanisation patterns along the rural-urban fringe in the Netherlands, and identifies challenges for planning and design at national, regional and local levels.
Urban compaction policy has prevented urban sprawl in the Netherlands. However, in some regions traditionally unwanted urban development patterns can be discerned. On a national level, an important question is how increasing dispersed urbanisation may affect the economic performance of cities and the efficient use of existing infrastructure. On a regional level, there is a need for urbanisation strategies that transcend municipal boundaries. On a local level, innovative urban design/re-design strategies may help improve connections between separated functions, involve local stakeholders, and upgrade the identity of places at the fringe.
How to Cite
Nabielek, K., Kronberger-Nabielek, P., & Hamers, D. (2014). The rural-urban fringe in the Netherlands: recent developments and future challenges. SPOOL, 1(1), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.7480/spool.2014.1.624
Published
2014-01-01
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Copyright (c) 2014 Kersten Nabielek, Pia Kronberger-Nabielek, David Hamers
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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References
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Bryant, C., Russwurm, L., & McLellan, A. (1982). The city’s countryside. Land and its management in the rural-urban fringe. London, United Kingdom: Longman.
Evers, D., Van Hoorn, A., & Van Oort, F. (2005). Winkelen in Megaland. Rotterdam/The Hague, Netherlands: NAi Publishers/RPB (Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research).
Evers, D. (2011). Detailhandel en beleid: een continue wisselwerking. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Evers, D. & Hamers, D. (2012). Grootschalige detailhandelsmilieus. In PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (Eds.), De staat van de ruimte 2010 (pp. 151-167). The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Faludi, A., & Van der Valk, A. (1994). Rule and order: Dutch planning doctrine in the 20th century. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.
Furuseth, O., & Lapping, M. (2006). Introduction and overview. In O. Furuseth & M. Lapping (Eds.), Contested countryside. The rural urban fringe in North America (pp. 1-5). Aldershot, United Kingdom: Ashgate.
Frijters, E., Hamers, D., Johann, R., Kürschner, J., Lörzing, H., Nabielek, K., et al. (2004). Tussenland. Rotterdam/The Hague, Netherlands: NAi Publishers/RPB (Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research).
Gallent, N., Andersson, J., & Bianconi, M. (2006). Planning on the edge. The context for planning at the rural-urban fringe. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.
Glaeser, E.L. (2011). Triumph of the city: How our greatest invention makes us richer, smarter, greener, healthier, and happier. New York, NY: Penguin books.
Hamers, D., & Nabielek, K. (2006). Along the fast lane. Urbanisation of the motorway in the Netherlands. In C. Wang, Q. Sheng, & C. Sezer (Eds.), Modernization and regionalism: re-inventing urban identity, Volume 1. Paper presented at the the International Forum on Urbanism 2006 in Beijing (pp. 274-281). Delft, Netherlands: IFoU.
Hamers, D., & Rutte, R. (2008). Shadowland. A new Approach to Land-in-between. Ezelsoren: Bulletin of the Institute of History of Art, Architecture and Urbanism (IHAAU), 1(2), 61-80.
Hamers, D., Nabielek, K., Piek, M., & Sorel, N. (2009). Verstedelijking in de stadsrandzone. Een verkenning van de ruimtelijke opgave. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
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Hamers, D., & Piek, M. (2012). Mapping the future urbanization patterns on the urban fringe in the Netherlands. Urban Research & Practice. Journal of the European Urban Research Association (EURA), 5(1), 129-156.
Hilbers, H., Van de Coevering, P., & Van Hoorn, A. (2009). Openbaar vervoer, ruimtelijke structuur en flankerend beleid: de effecten van beleidsstrategieën. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Lörzing, H., Klemm, W., Van Leeuwen, M., & Soekemin, S. (2006). Vinex! Een morfologische verkenning. Rotterdam/The Hague, Netherlands: NAi Publishers/RPB (Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research).
Lucas, P. & Van Oort, G. (1993). Dynamiek in een stadsrandzone. Werken en wonen in de stadsrandzone van de agglomeratie Utrecht. Utrecht, Netherlands: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht.
Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (2012). National Policy Strategy for Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, making the Netherlands competitive, accessible, liveable and safe. The Hague, Netherlands: Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment.
Ministry of VROM (1978). Derde Nota over de ruimtelijke ordening. The Hague, Netherlands: Sdu Uitgeverij.
Ministry of VROM (1988). Vierde nota over de ruimtelijke ordening. The Hague, Netherlands: Staatsuitgeverij.
Ministry of VROM (1991). Vierde Nota over de ruimtelijke ordening extra, deel 1. The Hague, Netherlands: Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment.
Ministry of VROM (2004). Nota Ruimte; Ruimte voor Ontwikkeling. The Hague, Netherlands: Sdu Uitgeverij.
MNP Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (2007). Natuurbalans 2007. Bilthoven, Netherlands: MNP Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Nabielek, K. (2009). A morphological analysis of Enclosed Residential Domains in the Netherlands. In V. Fernández & N. Stutzin (Eds.), 5th International Conference of the Research Network Private Urban Governance & Gated Communities. Santiago de Chile, Chile: University of Chile.
Nabielek, K. (2011). Urban Densification in the Netherlands: national spatial policy and empirical research of recent developments. Paper presented at Global Visions: Risks and Opportunities for the Urban Planet. 5th Conference of International Forum on Urbanism. Singapore, Singapore: International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU). Retrieved September 25, 2013 from http://globalvisions2011.ifou.org
Nabielek, K., Boschman, S., Harbers, A., Piek, M., & Vlonk, A. (2012). Stedelijke verdichting: een ruimtelijke verkenning van binnenstedelijk wonen en werken. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Nabielek, P. (2011). Theme Housing in the New Dutch Suburban Landscape (NDSL). Paper presented at Global Visions: Risks and Opportunities for the Urban Planet. 5th Conference of International Forum on Urbanism. Singapore, Singapore: International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU). Retrieved September 25, 2013 from http://globalvisions2011.ifou.org
Nirov Netherlands Institute for Planning and Housing (2008). Bouwen aan de randen van de stad. The Hague, Netherlands: Nirov.
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (2011). Nederland in 2040: een land van regio’s – Ruimtelijke verkenning 2011. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (2012): Balans van de leefomgeving 2012. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and Urhahn Urban Design (2012). Vormgeven aan de Spontane Stad: belemmeringen en kansen voor organische stedelijke herontwikkeling. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency & ASRE Amsterdam School of Real Estate (2013). Gebiedsontwikkeling en commerciële vastgoedmarkten. Een institutionele analyse van het (over)aanbod van winkels en kantoren. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL and ASRE.
Piek, M., Van Middelkoop, M., Breedijk, M., Hornis, W., Sorel, N., & Verhoeff, N. (2007). Snelwegpanorama’s in Nederland. Rotterdam/The Hague, Netherlands: NAi Publishers/RPB (Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research).
Piek, M., & De Niet, R. (2010). Groene stadsranden en verstedelijkingsdynamiek. In: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (Eds.), Staat van de ruimte 2010 (pp. 169-184). The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Porter, M.E. (2000). Location, Competition and Economic Development: Local clusters in a Global Economy. Economic development quarterly, 14 (1), 15-34.
Raspe, O., & Van Dongen, F. (2013). Werken aan de internationale concurrentiekracht van de Nederlandse regio’s. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Ritsema van Eck, J., & Farjon H. (2008). Monitor Nota Ruimte. De eerste vervolgmeting. Rotterdam/The Hague/Bilthoven, Netherlands: NAi Publishers/RPB (Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research)/MNP Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Schuit, J., Van Amsterdam, H., Breedijk, M., Brandes, L., Fick, E., & Spoon, M. (2008). Ruimte in cijfers 2008. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Scott, A.J., & Storper, M. (2003). Regions, globalization, development, Regional Studies, 37 (6&7), 579-593.
Snellen, D., Hilbers, H., & Hendriks, A. (2007). Nieuwbouw in beweging. Een analyse van het ruimtelijk mobiliteitsbeleid van Vinex. Rotterdam/The Hague, Netherlands: NAi Publishers/RPB (Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research).
Veeneklaas, F., Donders, J., & Salverda, I. (2006). Verrommeling in Nederland. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen UR.
Vreke J., Donders, J.L.M., Elands, B.H.M., Goossen, C.M., Langers, F., De Niet, R., et al. (2007). Natuur en landschap voor mensen. Achtergronddocument bij Natuurbalans 2007. Wageningen/ Bilthoven, Netherlands: Alterra /MNP Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Bartelds, H.J., & De Roo, G. (1995). Dilemma’s van de compacte stad: Uitdagingen voor het beleid. The Hague, Netherlands: Vuga Publishers.
Boeijenga, J., & Mensink, J. (2008). Vinex Atlas. Rotterdam, Netherlands: 010 Publishers.
Bryant, C., Russwurm, L., & McLellan, A. (1982). The city’s countryside. Land and its management in the rural-urban fringe. London, United Kingdom: Longman.
Evers, D., Van Hoorn, A., & Van Oort, F. (2005). Winkelen in Megaland. Rotterdam/The Hague, Netherlands: NAi Publishers/RPB (Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research).
Evers, D. (2011). Detailhandel en beleid: een continue wisselwerking. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Evers, D. & Hamers, D. (2012). Grootschalige detailhandelsmilieus. In PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (Eds.), De staat van de ruimte 2010 (pp. 151-167). The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Faludi, A., & Van der Valk, A. (1994). Rule and order: Dutch planning doctrine in the 20th century. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.
Furuseth, O., & Lapping, M. (2006). Introduction and overview. In O. Furuseth & M. Lapping (Eds.), Contested countryside. The rural urban fringe in North America (pp. 1-5). Aldershot, United Kingdom: Ashgate.
Frijters, E., Hamers, D., Johann, R., Kürschner, J., Lörzing, H., Nabielek, K., et al. (2004). Tussenland. Rotterdam/The Hague, Netherlands: NAi Publishers/RPB (Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research).
Gallent, N., Andersson, J., & Bianconi, M. (2006). Planning on the edge. The context for planning at the rural-urban fringe. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.
Glaeser, E.L. (2011). Triumph of the city: How our greatest invention makes us richer, smarter, greener, healthier, and happier. New York, NY: Penguin books.
Hamers, D., & Nabielek, K. (2006). Along the fast lane. Urbanisation of the motorway in the Netherlands. In C. Wang, Q. Sheng, & C. Sezer (Eds.), Modernization and regionalism: re-inventing urban identity, Volume 1. Paper presented at the the International Forum on Urbanism 2006 in Beijing (pp. 274-281). Delft, Netherlands: IFoU.
Hamers, D., & Rutte, R. (2008). Shadowland. A new Approach to Land-in-between. Ezelsoren: Bulletin of the Institute of History of Art, Architecture and Urbanism (IHAAU), 1(2), 61-80.
Hamers, D., Nabielek, K., Piek, M., & Sorel, N. (2009). Verstedelijking in de stadsrandzone. Een verkenning van de ruimtelijke opgave. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Hamers, D. (2011, February 24-26). The fringe in focus. A mosaic of urban milieus as the basis for a regional planning approach to urban development. Paper presented at Global Visions: Risks and Opportunities for the Urban Planet. 5th Conference of International Forum on Urbanism. Singapore, Singapore: International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU). Retrieved September 25, 2013 from http://globalvisions2011.ifou.org
Hamers, D., & Piek, M. (2012). Mapping the future urbanization patterns on the urban fringe in the Netherlands. Urban Research & Practice. Journal of the European Urban Research Association (EURA), 5(1), 129-156.
Hilbers, H., Van de Coevering, P., & Van Hoorn, A. (2009). Openbaar vervoer, ruimtelijke structuur en flankerend beleid: de effecten van beleidsstrategieën. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Lörzing, H., Klemm, W., Van Leeuwen, M., & Soekemin, S. (2006). Vinex! Een morfologische verkenning. Rotterdam/The Hague, Netherlands: NAi Publishers/RPB (Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research).
Lucas, P. & Van Oort, G. (1993). Dynamiek in een stadsrandzone. Werken en wonen in de stadsrandzone van de agglomeratie Utrecht. Utrecht, Netherlands: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht.
Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (2012). National Policy Strategy for Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, making the Netherlands competitive, accessible, liveable and safe. The Hague, Netherlands: Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment.
Ministry of VROM (1978). Derde Nota over de ruimtelijke ordening. The Hague, Netherlands: Sdu Uitgeverij.
Ministry of VROM (1988). Vierde nota over de ruimtelijke ordening. The Hague, Netherlands: Staatsuitgeverij.
Ministry of VROM (1991). Vierde Nota over de ruimtelijke ordening extra, deel 1. The Hague, Netherlands: Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment.
Ministry of VROM (2004). Nota Ruimte; Ruimte voor Ontwikkeling. The Hague, Netherlands: Sdu Uitgeverij.
MNP Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (2007). Natuurbalans 2007. Bilthoven, Netherlands: MNP Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Nabielek, K. (2009). A morphological analysis of Enclosed Residential Domains in the Netherlands. In V. Fernández & N. Stutzin (Eds.), 5th International Conference of the Research Network Private Urban Governance & Gated Communities. Santiago de Chile, Chile: University of Chile.
Nabielek, K. (2011). Urban Densification in the Netherlands: national spatial policy and empirical research of recent developments. Paper presented at Global Visions: Risks and Opportunities for the Urban Planet. 5th Conference of International Forum on Urbanism. Singapore, Singapore: International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU). Retrieved September 25, 2013 from http://globalvisions2011.ifou.org
Nabielek, K., Boschman, S., Harbers, A., Piek, M., & Vlonk, A. (2012). Stedelijke verdichting: een ruimtelijke verkenning van binnenstedelijk wonen en werken. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Nabielek, P. (2011). Theme Housing in the New Dutch Suburban Landscape (NDSL). Paper presented at Global Visions: Risks and Opportunities for the Urban Planet. 5th Conference of International Forum on Urbanism. Singapore, Singapore: International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU). Retrieved September 25, 2013 from http://globalvisions2011.ifou.org
Nirov Netherlands Institute for Planning and Housing (2008). Bouwen aan de randen van de stad. The Hague, Netherlands: Nirov.
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (2011). Nederland in 2040: een land van regio’s – Ruimtelijke verkenning 2011. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (2012): Balans van de leefomgeving 2012. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and Urhahn Urban Design (2012). Vormgeven aan de Spontane Stad: belemmeringen en kansen voor organische stedelijke herontwikkeling. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency & ASRE Amsterdam School of Real Estate (2013). Gebiedsontwikkeling en commerciële vastgoedmarkten. Een institutionele analyse van het (over)aanbod van winkels en kantoren. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL and ASRE.
Piek, M., Van Middelkoop, M., Breedijk, M., Hornis, W., Sorel, N., & Verhoeff, N. (2007). Snelwegpanorama’s in Nederland. Rotterdam/The Hague, Netherlands: NAi Publishers/RPB (Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research).
Piek, M., & De Niet, R. (2010). Groene stadsranden en verstedelijkingsdynamiek. In: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (Eds.), Staat van de ruimte 2010 (pp. 169-184). The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Porter, M.E. (2000). Location, Competition and Economic Development: Local clusters in a Global Economy. Economic development quarterly, 14 (1), 15-34.
Raspe, O., & Van Dongen, F. (2013). Werken aan de internationale concurrentiekracht van de Nederlandse regio’s. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Ritsema van Eck, J., & Farjon H. (2008). Monitor Nota Ruimte. De eerste vervolgmeting. Rotterdam/The Hague/Bilthoven, Netherlands: NAi Publishers/RPB (Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research)/MNP Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Schuit, J., Van Amsterdam, H., Breedijk, M., Brandes, L., Fick, E., & Spoon, M. (2008). Ruimte in cijfers 2008. The Hague, Netherlands: PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
Scott, A.J., & Storper, M. (2003). Regions, globalization, development, Regional Studies, 37 (6&7), 579-593.
Snellen, D., Hilbers, H., & Hendriks, A. (2007). Nieuwbouw in beweging. Een analyse van het ruimtelijk mobiliteitsbeleid van Vinex. Rotterdam/The Hague, Netherlands: NAi Publishers/RPB (Netherlands Institute for Spatial Research).
Veeneklaas, F., Donders, J., & Salverda, I. (2006). Verrommeling in Nederland. Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen UR.
Vreke J., Donders, J.L.M., Elands, B.H.M., Goossen, C.M., Langers, F., De Niet, R., et al. (2007). Natuur en landschap voor mensen. Achtergronddocument bij Natuurbalans 2007. Wageningen/ Bilthoven, Netherlands: Alterra /MNP Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency.
