Powerful and large regional authorities are needed to preserve green open space for urban agglomerations
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https://doi.org/10.7480/spool.2014.1.629Abstract
Identification and assessment of strategies for the conservation and multifunctional development of green open space in the urban fringe of European urban regions is a challenge to both the academic and the real life world. Within the EU funded research project PLUREL – Peri-urban land use relationships – ‘Strategies and sustainability assessment tools for urban rural linkages’, we developed a methodology for international comparison of regional strategies that considers the policy context at supra-regional level. This methodology helped to explain the reported impacts of strategies. For this we further elaborated the theoretical concept of policy arrangements and policy dimensions by Van Tatenhove et al. (2000) and Arts et al. (2006).
Strategies and policy contexts referred to are from Montpellier Agglomeration, a formal coalition of now 31 municipalities, Leipzig-Halle region, a functional urban region (FUR) with governance coalitions around green open space preservation strategies, and Hangzhou in China, a very large city with hierarchical formal government.
Results showed how the means of influence from different government levels can complement and reinforce each other and raise the effectiveness of the strategies. A combination of hierarchical government with a horizontal coalition between local authorities covering the full FUR can be very effective for managing the land use developments in the urban fringe, even when private business, CSOs or other NGOs are not included in the coalition. Supra-regional authorities do not have to possess the land resources, but setting the Rules of the Game is a powerful means of influence to coerce local municipalities to preserve green open space in the urban fringe.
How to Cite
Aalbers, C., & Pauleit, S. (2014). Powerful and large regional authorities are needed to preserve green open space for urban agglomerations. SPOOL, 1(1), 501–518. https://doi.org/10.7480/spool.2014.1.629
Published
2014-01-01
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Copyright (c) 2014 Carmen Aalbers, Stephan Pauleit
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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References
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Beeko, C., & Arts, B. (2010). The EU-Ghana VPA: a comprehensive policy analysis of its design. International Forestry Review, 33, 221-230.
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Nuissl, H., & Rink, D. (2005). The ‘production’ of urban sprawl in eastern Germany as a phenomenon of post-socialist transformation. Cities, 22 (2), 123-134.
Piorr, A., Ravetz, J., & Tosics, I. (Eds.). (2011). Peri-urbanisation in Europe. Towards European policies to sustain urban-rural futures. Synthesis report. Retrieved October 19, 2013 from http://www.plurel.net/images/Peri_Urbanisation_in_Europe_printversion.pdf
Gayda, S., Boon, F., Schaillée, N., Batty, M., Besussi, E., Chin, et al. (2004). The SCATTER project. Sprawling cities and transport. From evaluation to recommendations. Retrieved October 19, 2013 from www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/scatter/download/ETC_scatter_gayda.pdf
Spiekermann, M., He, Y., Yang, J., Burkhardt, I., Yang, F., Xin, Y, & Pauleit, S. (2013). Hangzhou - fast urbanisation and high population growth. In K. Nilsson, S. Pauleit, S. Bell, C. Aalbers, T. S. Nielsen (Eds.), Peri-urban futures: Scenarios and models for land use change in Europe (pp. 307-337). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
Stassen, K. R., Gislason, M., & Leroy, P. (2010). Impact of environmental discourses on public health policy arrangements: A comparative study in the UK and Flanders (Belgium). Water Resource Management, 24, 2647-2672.
Termeer, C. J. A. M., Dewulf, A., & Van Lieshout, M. (2010). Disentangling scale approaches in governance research: comparing monocentric, multilevel, and adaptive governance. Ecology and Society, 15(4), 29. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/art29/
Tosics, I. (2013). Sustainable Land Use in Peri-Urban Areas: Government, Planning and Financial Instruments. In K. Nilsson, S. Pauleit, S. Bell, C. Aalbers, T. S. Nielsen (Eds.), Peri-urban futures: Scenarios and models for land use change in Europe (pp. 373-404). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
Tress, B., Tress, G., Van der Valk, A., & Fry, G. (Eds.). (2003). Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary landscape studies: Potential and limitations. Delta series, 2, Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen UR.
Van Gossum, P. , Arts, B., De Wulf, R., & Verheyen., K. (2011). An institutional evaluation of sustainable forest management in Flanders. Land Use Policy, 28 (1), 110-123.
Van Tatenhove, J., Arts, B., & Leroy, P., (Eds.). (2000). Political Modernisation and the Environment: The Renewal of Environmental Policy Arrangements. Dordrecht, Netherlands/Boston, MA/London, United Kingdom: Kluwer.
Vervoort, J. M. (2011). Framing futures: Visualizing perspectives on social-ecological systems change. (Doctoral dissertation), Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen University.
Wiering, M.A., & Arts, B. J. M (2006). Discursive shifts in Dutch river management: ‘deep’ institutional change or adaptation strategy? Hydrobiologia, 565, 327-338.
Webster, D. R., Cai, J., Muller, L., & Luo, B. (2003). Emerging Third Stage Peri-Urbanization: Functional Specialization in the Hangzhou Peri-Urban Region. Asia-Pacific Research Center, Stanford University. Monograph, retrieved Oct. 9, 2013 from http://aparc.stanford.edu/publications/emerging_third_stage_periurbanization_functional_specialization_in_the_hangzhou_periurban_region.
Aalbers, C. B. E. M., & Van Dijk, T. (2008). J.A.F. Remix. Analysis Framework. Retrieved October 9, 2013 from http://www.plurel.net/images/D321.pdf
Aalbers, C., & Eckerberg, K. (2011). Governance Patterns and Performance of Regional Strategies in Urban Areas: comparative analysis of seven case studies in Europe and China, report 3.3.8. Retrieved October 9, 2013 from http://www.plurel.net/images/D338.pdf
Arts, B., Leroy, P., & Van Tatenhove, J. (2006). Political Modernisation and Policy Arrangements: A Framework for Understanding Environmental Policy Change. Public Organization Review. A Global Journal, 6, 93-106.
Arts, B., & Van Tatenhove, J. (2004). Policy and power: A conceptual framework between the ‘old’ and ‘new’ policy idioms. Policy Sciences, 37, 339-356.
Bauer, A., Röhl, D., Haase, D., & Schwarz, N. (2013). Leipzig-Halle: Ecosystem Services in a Stagnating Urban Region in Eastern Germany. In K. Nilsson, S. Pauleit, S. Bell, C. Aalbers, & T. S. Nielsen (Eds.), Peri-urban futures: Scenarios and models for land use change in Europe (pp. 209-240). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
Bauer, A. (2009). Assessment report on local and regional government and planning strategies (M. 3.3.13). Leipzig, Germany: PLUREL (working paper, not published)
Beeko, C., & Arts, B. (2010). The EU-Ghana VPA: a comprehensive policy analysis of its design. International Forestry Review, 33, 221-230.
Bruegman, R. (2008). Urban sprawl: a compact history. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.
Buizer, M. (2008). Worlds Apart. Interactions between Local Initiatives and Established Policy. Alterra Scientific Contributions, 22. Alterra, Wageningen UR.
Caruso, G. (2001). Periurbanisation. The situation in Europe. Report prepared for DATAR, France.
CEC (Commission of the European Communities). (1997). The EU Compendium of Spatial Planning Systems and Policies. Regional Development Studies. Luxembourg: Office for Publications of the European Communities.
Champion, A. (1999). Urbanization and counter-urbanization. In M. Pacione (Ed.), Applied Geography. Principle and Practice (pp. 347-357). London, United Kingdom: Routledge.
Couch, C., Leontidou, L., & Petschel-Held, G. (Eds.). (2007). Urban sprawl in Europe: landscapes land-use change and policy. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
CULTPLAN: Final Report Cultplan. (2007). Cultural differences in European cooperation - learning from INTERREG practice. Retrieved Oktober 19, 2013 from http://www.cultplan.org/downloads/RAPPORT%20DEF%202%20LR.pdf
Ding, C., & Song, Y. (2009). Property tax for sustainable urban development. In Y. Song, C. Ding (eds.), Smart urban growth for China (pp. 57-73). Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute for Land Policy.
European Environment Agency (EEA). (2006). Urban sprawl in Europe: the ignored challenge (10). Copenhagen, Denmark: EEA.
Foucault, M. (1971). Orders of discourse. Inaugural lecture delivered at the Collège de France. Social Science Information, 10 (2), 7-30.
Funtowicz, S. O. & Ravetz, J. R. (1993, September). Science for the post-normal age. Futures, 739-755.
Herfert, G. (2007). Regionale Polarisierung der demographischen Entwicklung in Ostdeutschland: Gleichwertigkeit der Lebensverhältnisse? Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 65, 435-455.
Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2003). Unravelling the Central State, but How? Types of multi-level governance. The American Political Science Review, 97 (2), 233-243.
Jarrige, F., Chery, J.-P., Buyck, J., & Gambier, J. P. (2013). The Montpellier Agglomération: New Approaches for Territorial Coordination in the Periurban. In K. Nilsson, S.
Pauleit, S. Bell, C. Aalbers, & T.S. Nielsen (Eds.), Peri-urban futures: Scenarios and models for land use change in Europe (pp. 241-274). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
Knieling, J., Othengrafen, F. (Eds.). (2009). Planning Cultures in Europe. Decoding Cultural Phenomena in Urban and Regional Planning. London, United Kingdom: Ashgate.
Kok, K., & Veldkamp, T. A. (2011). Scale and Governance: Conceptual Considerations and Practical Implications. Ecology and Society, 16 (2) [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/iss2/art23/
Nilsson, K., & Nielsen, T. S. (2013). The Future of the Rural Urban Region. In K. Nilsson, S. Pauleit, S. Bell, C. Aalbers, T.S. Nielsen (Eds.), Peri-urban futures: Scenarios and models for land use change in Europe (pp. 405-429). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
Nuissl, H., & Rink, D. (2005). The ‘production’ of urban sprawl in eastern Germany as a phenomenon of post-socialist transformation. Cities, 22 (2), 123-134.
Piorr, A., Ravetz, J., & Tosics, I. (Eds.). (2011). Peri-urbanisation in Europe. Towards European policies to sustain urban-rural futures. Synthesis report. Retrieved October 19, 2013 from http://www.plurel.net/images/Peri_Urbanisation_in_Europe_printversion.pdf
Gayda, S., Boon, F., Schaillée, N., Batty, M., Besussi, E., Chin, et al. (2004). The SCATTER project. Sprawling cities and transport. From evaluation to recommendations. Retrieved October 19, 2013 from www.casa.ucl.ac.uk/scatter/download/ETC_scatter_gayda.pdf
Spiekermann, M., He, Y., Yang, J., Burkhardt, I., Yang, F., Xin, Y, & Pauleit, S. (2013). Hangzhou - fast urbanisation and high population growth. In K. Nilsson, S. Pauleit, S. Bell, C. Aalbers, T. S. Nielsen (Eds.), Peri-urban futures: Scenarios and models for land use change in Europe (pp. 307-337). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
Stassen, K. R., Gislason, M., & Leroy, P. (2010). Impact of environmental discourses on public health policy arrangements: A comparative study in the UK and Flanders (Belgium). Water Resource Management, 24, 2647-2672.
Termeer, C. J. A. M., Dewulf, A., & Van Lieshout, M. (2010). Disentangling scale approaches in governance research: comparing monocentric, multilevel, and adaptive governance. Ecology and Society, 15(4), 29. [online] URL: http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/art29/
Tosics, I. (2013). Sustainable Land Use in Peri-Urban Areas: Government, Planning and Financial Instruments. In K. Nilsson, S. Pauleit, S. Bell, C. Aalbers, T. S. Nielsen (Eds.), Peri-urban futures: Scenarios and models for land use change in Europe (pp. 373-404). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
Tress, B., Tress, G., Van der Valk, A., & Fry, G. (Eds.). (2003). Interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary landscape studies: Potential and limitations. Delta series, 2, Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen UR.
Van Gossum, P. , Arts, B., De Wulf, R., & Verheyen., K. (2011). An institutional evaluation of sustainable forest management in Flanders. Land Use Policy, 28 (1), 110-123.
Van Tatenhove, J., Arts, B., & Leroy, P., (Eds.). (2000). Political Modernisation and the Environment: The Renewal of Environmental Policy Arrangements. Dordrecht, Netherlands/Boston, MA/London, United Kingdom: Kluwer.
Vervoort, J. M. (2011). Framing futures: Visualizing perspectives on social-ecological systems change. (Doctoral dissertation), Wageningen, Netherlands: Wageningen University.
Wiering, M.A., & Arts, B. J. M (2006). Discursive shifts in Dutch river management: ‘deep’ institutional change or adaptation strategy? Hydrobiologia, 565, 327-338.
Webster, D. R., Cai, J., Muller, L., & Luo, B. (2003). Emerging Third Stage Peri-Urbanization: Functional Specialization in the Hangzhou Peri-Urban Region. Asia-Pacific Research Center, Stanford University. Monograph, retrieved Oct. 9, 2013 from http://aparc.stanford.edu/publications/emerging_third_stage_periurbanization_functional_specialization_in_the_hangzhou_periurban_region.
